Amigos, additional information about your test on Monday/Tuesday. When I say "additional" this is actually EVERYTHING you need to know. Please forgive the lengthiness, but I wanted to offer you a complete guide for the test.
Review:
You must know your Direct Object Pronouns by memory:
Me Nos
Te
Lo Los
La Las
You must know your Indirect Object Pronouns by memory:
Me Nos
Te
Le Les
You should know the roles that the Direct Objects/Direct Object Pronouns play in the sentence and how to place them in the sentence. Remember:
The direct object of the sentence DIRECTLY receives the action of the sentence. Here's an example in English:
The dog eats THE FOOD.
THE FOOD is what is being eaten. It is the direct object of the sentence. Here's the same example in Spanish:
El perro come LA COMIDA.
In Spanish, LA COMIDA is the direct object.
In English, we would replace THE FOOD with "it".
The dog eats the food. --> The dog eats it.
In Spanish, we would replace LA COMIDA with la. However, in Spanish, we have to place the direct object in front of the conjugated verb.
El perro come la comida --> El perro la come.
However, if the sentence includes an unconjugated verb, we can attach the direct object pronoun to the end of the unconjugated verb.
El perro va a comer la comida. (The dog is going to eat the food.) --> El perro va a comerla.
Of course, it can still be placed in front of the conjugated verb as well.
El perro va a comer la comida. --> El perro la va a comer.
Also, if the verb includes a present participle (a verb ending in ando or iendo), the direct object pronoun can be attached to the end of the present participle. However, when attaching the direct object pronoun, we must also accent the "ando" or "iendo".
El perro está comiendo la comida. --> El perro está comiéndola.
Again, the direct object pronoun can also be placed in front of the conjugated verb, as is always the case.
El perro está comiendo la comida --> El perro la está comiendo.
You should know the roles that the Indirect Objects/Indirect Object Pronouns play in the sentence and how to place them in the sentence. Remember:
Whereas the direct object directly receives the action of the sentence, the indirect object RECEIVES THE DIRECT OBJECT.
The man gives the money to THE WOMAN.
In this sentence, the money is the direct object as it is what receives the action of the sentence/is what is being given. However, THE WOMAN receives the money and is, therefore, the INDIRECT OBJECT of the sentence. Here's the same example in Spanish:
El hombre da el dinero a LA MUJER.
In English, we would replace THE WOMAN with "her".
The man gives her the money.
In Spanish, we would replace LA MUJER with "le". As with the direct object pronouns, the pronoun goes in front of conjugated verb, can be attached to the end of an unconjugated verb (when available), and can be attached to the end of a present participle (again accenting the "ando" or "iendo" when attached). Here are examples of the sentence rewritten in these various situations. Notice that they look similar to how we used the direct object pronouns. However, in Spanish we can include both the indirect object pronoun and the indirect object pronoun itself (as noted in parenthesis below).
El hombre da el dinero a LA MUJER. --> El hombre le da el dinero (a la mujer).
(Placed in front of the conjugated verb.)
El hombre va a dar el dinero a LA MUJER. --> El hombre le va a dar el dinero (a la mujer).
(Placed in front of the conjugated verb.)
El hombre va a dar el dinero a LA MUJER. --> El hombre va a darle el dinero (a la mujer).
(Attached to the end of an infinitive.)
El hombre va a dar el dinero a LA MUJER. --> El hombre le está dando el dinero (a la mujer).
(Placed in front of "estar" conjugated in a present progressive construct.)
El hombre va a dar el dinero a LA MUJER. --> El hombre está dándole (a la mujer).
(Attached to the end of the present participle with accent placed on participle.)
You should know how to place double object pronouns within a sentence. Remember:
When we are using both a direct object pronoun and an indirect object pronoun in the same sentence, the indirect object is always placed first in front of the verb.
My mom gives the suitcase to me. --> Mi madre da la maleta a mí.
D.O. I.O.
The direct object "la maleta" would become "la" and the indirect object "mí" would become "me". (The "a" before "mí" is no longer necessary.)
Here is how we would rewrite the sentence using both the direct object pronoun and the indirect object pronoun.
Mi madre me la da.
Our sentence now translates "My mom gives me it." or "My mom gives it to me."
Notice that the indirect object pronoun "me" comes first.
The double object pronouns (as we call them when used together) always fall in this order whether attached or in front of the conjugated verb.
However, whereas a single object pronoun can be attached to the end of an unconjugated verb simply, when a double object pronoun is attached to the end of an unconjugated verb, the end of the infinite verb must be accented. Example:
Mi madre va a dármela.
Double object pronouns attach to the end of the present participle similarly to single object pronouns.
Mi madre está dándomela.
Other than these situations, the double object pronouns function as single object pronouns (again - with the indirect object always coming first). Check out these examples:
Mi madre da la maleta a mí. --> Mi madre me la da.
(Placed in front of the conjugated verb.)
Mi madre va a dar la maleta a mí.. --> Mi madre me la va a dar.
(Placed in front of the conjugated verb.)
Mi madre va a dar la maleta a mí.. --> Mi madre va a dármela.
(Attached to the end of an infinitive with accent placed on infinitive ending.)
Mi madre está dando la maleta a mí. --> Mi madre me la está dando.
(Placed in front of "estar" conjugated in a present progressive construct.)
Mi madre está dando la maleta a mí. --> Mi madre está dándomela.
(Attached to the end of the present participle with accent placed on participle.)
Finally, remember that alliteration is not accepted when using double object pronouns.
Anytime the indirect objects "le" or "les" are followed by direct objects "lo", "la", "los", "las", "le" or "les" become "se".
Example:
El hombre da el dinero a la mujer. --> El hombre se lo da.
The indirect object "la mujer" would be replaced with the indirect object pronoun "le" while the direct object "el dinero" would be replaced with the direct object pronoun "lo". -- > "El hombre le lo da." However, because of the alliteration of "le lo", "le" becomes "se", ultimately and correctly rendering the sentence --> "El hombre se lo da."
VOCABULARY SECTIONS TO KNOW:
The vocabulary on the test comes from the sections in your notes entitled:
-Planning
-Items
-Before Departure
-After Arrival
TEST PREP PRACTICE QUESTIONS:
These are the exact directions from the test followed by questions similar to those that you will see on the test. After working the practice questions, scroll to the bottom of this post and compare your answers.:
Rewrite each sentence, replacing the DIRECT OBJECT with a DIRECT OBJECT PRONOUN. If the sentence can be rewritten in more than one way (pronoun in front of conjugated verb and attached), rewrite it both ways. These sentences are denoted with an asterisk*.
1. Mi madre compra los boletos.
2. La chica va a traer las maletas.*
3. Yo tengo el boleto.
4. Ella da la tarjeta de embarque a mí.
Rewrite each sentence, replacing the INDIRECT OBJECT with an INDIRECT OBJECT PRONOUN. If the sentence can be rewritten in more than one way (pronoun in front of conjugated verb and attached), rewrite it both ways. These sentences are denoted with an asterisk*.
5. Ella da la tarjeta de embarque a mí.
6. Él trae el traje de baño a su hermano.
7. Nosotros damos las maletas al auxiliar de vuelo.
8. Mi padre va a pagar el dinero al agente de viajes.*
Rewrite each sentence, replacing the direct object AND the indirect object with an their respective pronouns. If the sentence can be rewritten in more than one way (pronouns in front of conjugated verb and attached), rewrite it in both ways. These sentences are denoted with an asterisk*.
9. Nosotros vamos a dar los boletos a la auxiliar de vuelos.
10. Los pasajeros están dando las maletas al auxiliar de vuelos.
11. La auxiliar de vuelo da las tarjetas de embarque a los pasajeros.
12. Mi padre paga el dinero al agente de viajes.
RESPOND to each question using DIRECT object pronouns, INDIRECT object pronouns, or BOTH whenever possible. Respond using ALL information from the original question.
13. ¿Necesita el pasajero la identificación cuando pasa por la aduana?
14. ¿Necesitan los pasajeros las tarjetas de embarque cuando abordan el avión?
15. ¿Dan los pasajeros las maletas al auxiliar de vuelo?
Note: the subject and verb are in reverse order when placed in question form vs. when placed in a statement as in English (Anna is here. vs. Is Anna here?). When answering questions, you must reverse the order of the verb and subject.
Answers:
1. Mi madre los compra.
2. La chica las va a traer.
La chica va a traerlas.
3. Yo lo tengo.
4. Ella la da a mí. (There is also an indirect object in this sentence, but I only asked that you replace the D.O. with a D.O.P.)
5. Ella me da la tarjeta de embarque.
6. Él le trae el traje de baño.
7. Nosotros le damos las maletas.
8. Mi padre le va a pagar el dinero.
Mi padre va a pagarle el dinero.
9. Nosotros se los vamos a dar.
Nosotros vamos a dárselos.
10.Los pasajeros se las están dando.
Los pasajeros están dándoselas.
11.La auxiliar de vuelos se las da.
12. Mi padre se lo paga.
13. Sí, el pasajero la necesita cuando pasa por la aduana.
14. Sí, los pasajeros las necesitan cuando abordan el avión.
15. Sí, los pasajeros se las dan.
Review:
You must know your Direct Object Pronouns by memory:
Me Nos
Te
Lo Los
La Las
You must know your Indirect Object Pronouns by memory:
Me Nos
Te
Le Les
You should know the roles that the Direct Objects/Direct Object Pronouns play in the sentence and how to place them in the sentence. Remember:
The direct object of the sentence DIRECTLY receives the action of the sentence. Here's an example in English:
The dog eats THE FOOD.
THE FOOD is what is being eaten. It is the direct object of the sentence. Here's the same example in Spanish:
El perro come LA COMIDA.
In Spanish, LA COMIDA is the direct object.
In English, we would replace THE FOOD with "it".
The dog eats the food. --> The dog eats it.
In Spanish, we would replace LA COMIDA with la. However, in Spanish, we have to place the direct object in front of the conjugated verb.
El perro come la comida --> El perro la come.
However, if the sentence includes an unconjugated verb, we can attach the direct object pronoun to the end of the unconjugated verb.
El perro va a comer la comida. (The dog is going to eat the food.) --> El perro va a comerla.
Of course, it can still be placed in front of the conjugated verb as well.
El perro va a comer la comida. --> El perro la va a comer.
Also, if the verb includes a present participle (a verb ending in ando or iendo), the direct object pronoun can be attached to the end of the present participle. However, when attaching the direct object pronoun, we must also accent the "ando" or "iendo".
El perro está comiendo la comida. --> El perro está comiéndola.
Again, the direct object pronoun can also be placed in front of the conjugated verb, as is always the case.
El perro está comiendo la comida --> El perro la está comiendo.
You should know the roles that the Indirect Objects/Indirect Object Pronouns play in the sentence and how to place them in the sentence. Remember:
Whereas the direct object directly receives the action of the sentence, the indirect object RECEIVES THE DIRECT OBJECT.
The man gives the money to THE WOMAN.
In this sentence, the money is the direct object as it is what receives the action of the sentence/is what is being given. However, THE WOMAN receives the money and is, therefore, the INDIRECT OBJECT of the sentence. Here's the same example in Spanish:
El hombre da el dinero a LA MUJER.
In English, we would replace THE WOMAN with "her".
The man gives her the money.
In Spanish, we would replace LA MUJER with "le". As with the direct object pronouns, the pronoun goes in front of conjugated verb, can be attached to the end of an unconjugated verb (when available), and can be attached to the end of a present participle (again accenting the "ando" or "iendo" when attached). Here are examples of the sentence rewritten in these various situations. Notice that they look similar to how we used the direct object pronouns. However, in Spanish we can include both the indirect object pronoun and the indirect object pronoun itself (as noted in parenthesis below).
El hombre da el dinero a LA MUJER. --> El hombre le da el dinero (a la mujer).
(Placed in front of the conjugated verb.)
El hombre va a dar el dinero a LA MUJER. --> El hombre le va a dar el dinero (a la mujer).
(Placed in front of the conjugated verb.)
El hombre va a dar el dinero a LA MUJER. --> El hombre va a darle el dinero (a la mujer).
(Attached to the end of an infinitive.)
El hombre va a dar el dinero a LA MUJER. --> El hombre le está dando el dinero (a la mujer).
(Placed in front of "estar" conjugated in a present progressive construct.)
El hombre va a dar el dinero a LA MUJER. --> El hombre está dándole (a la mujer).
(Attached to the end of the present participle with accent placed on participle.)
You should know how to place double object pronouns within a sentence. Remember:
When we are using both a direct object pronoun and an indirect object pronoun in the same sentence, the indirect object is always placed first in front of the verb.
My mom gives the suitcase to me. --> Mi madre da la maleta a mí.
D.O. I.O.
The direct object "la maleta" would become "la" and the indirect object "mí" would become "me". (The "a" before "mí" is no longer necessary.)
Here is how we would rewrite the sentence using both the direct object pronoun and the indirect object pronoun.
Mi madre me la da.
Our sentence now translates "My mom gives me it." or "My mom gives it to me."
Notice that the indirect object pronoun "me" comes first.
The double object pronouns (as we call them when used together) always fall in this order whether attached or in front of the conjugated verb.
However, whereas a single object pronoun can be attached to the end of an unconjugated verb simply, when a double object pronoun is attached to the end of an unconjugated verb, the end of the infinite verb must be accented. Example:
Mi madre va a dármela.
Double object pronouns attach to the end of the present participle similarly to single object pronouns.
Mi madre está dándomela.
Other than these situations, the double object pronouns function as single object pronouns (again - with the indirect object always coming first). Check out these examples:
Mi madre da la maleta a mí. --> Mi madre me la da.
(Placed in front of the conjugated verb.)
Mi madre va a dar la maleta a mí.. --> Mi madre me la va a dar.
(Placed in front of the conjugated verb.)
Mi madre va a dar la maleta a mí.. --> Mi madre va a dármela.
(Attached to the end of an infinitive with accent placed on infinitive ending.)
Mi madre está dando la maleta a mí. --> Mi madre me la está dando.
(Placed in front of "estar" conjugated in a present progressive construct.)
Mi madre está dando la maleta a mí. --> Mi madre está dándomela.
(Attached to the end of the present participle with accent placed on participle.)
Finally, remember that alliteration is not accepted when using double object pronouns.
Anytime the indirect objects "le" or "les" are followed by direct objects "lo", "la", "los", "las", "le" or "les" become "se".
Example:
El hombre da el dinero a la mujer. --> El hombre se lo da.
The indirect object "la mujer" would be replaced with the indirect object pronoun "le" while the direct object "el dinero" would be replaced with the direct object pronoun "lo". -- > "El hombre le lo da." However, because of the alliteration of "le lo", "le" becomes "se", ultimately and correctly rendering the sentence --> "El hombre se lo da."
VOCABULARY SECTIONS TO KNOW:
The vocabulary on the test comes from the sections in your notes entitled:
-Planning
-Items
-Before Departure
-After Arrival
TEST PREP PRACTICE QUESTIONS:
These are the exact directions from the test followed by questions similar to those that you will see on the test. After working the practice questions, scroll to the bottom of this post and compare your answers.:
Rewrite each sentence, replacing the DIRECT OBJECT with a DIRECT OBJECT PRONOUN. If the sentence can be rewritten in more than one way (pronoun in front of conjugated verb and attached), rewrite it both ways. These sentences are denoted with an asterisk*.
1. Mi madre compra los boletos.
2. La chica va a traer las maletas.*
3. Yo tengo el boleto.
4. Ella da la tarjeta de embarque a mí.
Rewrite each sentence, replacing the INDIRECT OBJECT with an INDIRECT OBJECT PRONOUN. If the sentence can be rewritten in more than one way (pronoun in front of conjugated verb and attached), rewrite it both ways. These sentences are denoted with an asterisk*.
5. Ella da la tarjeta de embarque a mí.
6. Él trae el traje de baño a su hermano.
7. Nosotros damos las maletas al auxiliar de vuelo.
8. Mi padre va a pagar el dinero al agente de viajes.*
Rewrite each sentence, replacing the direct object AND the indirect object with an their respective pronouns. If the sentence can be rewritten in more than one way (pronouns in front of conjugated verb and attached), rewrite it in both ways. These sentences are denoted with an asterisk*.
9. Nosotros vamos a dar los boletos a la auxiliar de vuelos.
10. Los pasajeros están dando las maletas al auxiliar de vuelos.
11. La auxiliar de vuelo da las tarjetas de embarque a los pasajeros.
12. Mi padre paga el dinero al agente de viajes.
RESPOND to each question using DIRECT object pronouns, INDIRECT object pronouns, or BOTH whenever possible. Respond using ALL information from the original question.
13. ¿Necesita el pasajero la identificación cuando pasa por la aduana?
14. ¿Necesitan los pasajeros las tarjetas de embarque cuando abordan el avión?
15. ¿Dan los pasajeros las maletas al auxiliar de vuelo?
Note: the subject and verb are in reverse order when placed in question form vs. when placed in a statement as in English (Anna is here. vs. Is Anna here?). When answering questions, you must reverse the order of the verb and subject.
Answers:
1. Mi madre los compra.
2. La chica las va a traer.
La chica va a traerlas.
3. Yo lo tengo.
4. Ella la da a mí. (There is also an indirect object in this sentence, but I only asked that you replace the D.O. with a D.O.P.)
5. Ella me da la tarjeta de embarque.
6. Él le trae el traje de baño.
7. Nosotros le damos las maletas.
8. Mi padre le va a pagar el dinero.
Mi padre va a pagarle el dinero.
9. Nosotros se los vamos a dar.
Nosotros vamos a dárselos.
10.Los pasajeros se las están dando.
Los pasajeros están dándoselas.
11.La auxiliar de vuelos se las da.
12. Mi padre se lo paga.
13. Sí, el pasajero la necesita cuando pasa por la aduana.
14. Sí, los pasajeros las necesitan cuando abordan el avión.
15. Sí, los pasajeros se las dan.