Amigos, additional information about your test on Monday/Tuesday. When I say "additional" this is actually EVERYTHING you need to know. Please forgive the lengthiness, but I wanted to offer you a complete guide for the test.
Review: You must know your Direct Object Pronouns by memory: Me Nos Te Lo Los La Las You must know your Indirect Object Pronouns by memory: Me Nos Te Le Les You should know the roles that the Direct Objects/Direct Object Pronouns play in the sentence and how to place them in the sentence. Remember: The direct object of the sentence DIRECTLY receives the action of the sentence. Here's an example in English: The dog eats THE FOOD. THE FOOD is what is being eaten. It is the direct object of the sentence. Here's the same example in Spanish: El perro come LA COMIDA. In Spanish, LA COMIDA is the direct object. In English, we would replace THE FOOD with "it". The dog eats the food. --> The dog eats it. In Spanish, we would replace LA COMIDA with la. However, in Spanish, we have to place the direct object in front of the conjugated verb. El perro come la comida --> El perro la come. However, if the sentence includes an unconjugated verb, we can attach the direct object pronoun to the end of the unconjugated verb. El perro va a comer la comida. (The dog is going to eat the food.) --> El perro va a comerla. Of course, it can still be placed in front of the conjugated verb as well. El perro va a comer la comida. --> El perro la va a comer. Also, if the verb includes a present participle (a verb ending in ando or iendo), the direct object pronoun can be attached to the end of the present participle. However, when attaching the direct object pronoun, we must also accent the "ando" or "iendo". El perro está comiendo la comida. --> El perro está comiéndola. Again, the direct object pronoun can also be placed in front of the conjugated verb, as is always the case. El perro está comiendo la comida --> El perro la está comiendo. You should know the roles that the Indirect Objects/Indirect Object Pronouns play in the sentence and how to place them in the sentence. Remember: Whereas the direct object directly receives the action of the sentence, the indirect object RECEIVES THE DIRECT OBJECT. The man gives the money to THE WOMAN. In this sentence, the money is the direct object as it is what receives the action of the sentence/is what is being given. However, THE WOMAN receives the money and is, therefore, the INDIRECT OBJECT of the sentence. Here's the same example in Spanish: El hombre da el dinero a LA MUJER. In English, we would replace THE WOMAN with "her". The man gives her the money. In Spanish, we would replace LA MUJER with "le". As with the direct object pronouns, the pronoun goes in front of conjugated verb, can be attached to the end of an unconjugated verb (when available), and can be attached to the end of a present participle (again accenting the "ando" or "iendo" when attached). Here are examples of the sentence rewritten in these various situations. Notice that they look similar to how we used the direct object pronouns. However, in Spanish we can include both the indirect object pronoun and the indirect object pronoun itself (as noted in parenthesis below). El hombre da el dinero a LA MUJER. --> El hombre le da el dinero (a la mujer). (Placed in front of the conjugated verb.) El hombre va a dar el dinero a LA MUJER. --> El hombre le va a dar el dinero (a la mujer). (Placed in front of the conjugated verb.) El hombre va a dar el dinero a LA MUJER. --> El hombre va a darle el dinero (a la mujer). (Attached to the end of an infinitive.) El hombre va a dar el dinero a LA MUJER. --> El hombre le está dando el dinero (a la mujer). (Placed in front of "estar" conjugated in a present progressive construct.) El hombre va a dar el dinero a LA MUJER. --> El hombre está dándole (a la mujer). (Attached to the end of the present participle with accent placed on participle.) You should know how to place double object pronouns within a sentence. Remember: When we are using both a direct object pronoun and an indirect object pronoun in the same sentence, the indirect object is always placed first in front of the verb. My mom gives the suitcase to me. --> Mi madre da la maleta a mí. D.O. I.O. The direct object "la maleta" would become "la" and the indirect object "mí" would become "me". (The "a" before "mí" is no longer necessary.) Here is how we would rewrite the sentence using both the direct object pronoun and the indirect object pronoun. Mi madre me la da. Our sentence now translates "My mom gives me it." or "My mom gives it to me." Notice that the indirect object pronoun "me" comes first. The double object pronouns (as we call them when used together) always fall in this order whether attached or in front of the conjugated verb. However, whereas a single object pronoun can be attached to the end of an unconjugated verb simply, when a double object pronoun is attached to the end of an unconjugated verb, the end of the infinite verb must be accented. Example: Mi madre va a dármela. Double object pronouns attach to the end of the present participle similarly to single object pronouns. Mi madre está dándomela. Other than these situations, the double object pronouns function as single object pronouns (again - with the indirect object always coming first). Check out these examples: Mi madre da la maleta a mí. --> Mi madre me la da. (Placed in front of the conjugated verb.) Mi madre va a dar la maleta a mí.. --> Mi madre me la va a dar. (Placed in front of the conjugated verb.) Mi madre va a dar la maleta a mí.. --> Mi madre va a dármela. (Attached to the end of an infinitive with accent placed on infinitive ending.) Mi madre está dando la maleta a mí. --> Mi madre me la está dando. (Placed in front of "estar" conjugated in a present progressive construct.) Mi madre está dando la maleta a mí. --> Mi madre está dándomela. (Attached to the end of the present participle with accent placed on participle.) Finally, remember that alliteration is not accepted when using double object pronouns. Anytime the indirect objects "le" or "les" are followed by direct objects "lo", "la", "los", "las", "le" or "les" become "se". Example: El hombre da el dinero a la mujer. --> El hombre se lo da. The indirect object "la mujer" would be replaced with the indirect object pronoun "le" while the direct object "el dinero" would be replaced with the direct object pronoun "lo". -- > "El hombre le lo da." However, because of the alliteration of "le lo", "le" becomes "se", ultimately and correctly rendering the sentence --> "El hombre se lo da." VOCABULARY SECTIONS TO KNOW: The vocabulary on the test comes from the sections in your notes entitled: -Planning -Items -Before Departure -After Arrival TEST PREP PRACTICE QUESTIONS: These are the exact directions from the test followed by questions similar to those that you will see on the test. After working the practice questions, scroll to the bottom of this post and compare your answers.: Rewrite each sentence, replacing the DIRECT OBJECT with a DIRECT OBJECT PRONOUN. If the sentence can be rewritten in more than one way (pronoun in front of conjugated verb and attached), rewrite it both ways. These sentences are denoted with an asterisk*. 1. Mi madre compra los boletos. 2. La chica va a traer las maletas.* 3. Yo tengo el boleto. 4. Ella da la tarjeta de embarque a mí. Rewrite each sentence, replacing the INDIRECT OBJECT with an INDIRECT OBJECT PRONOUN. If the sentence can be rewritten in more than one way (pronoun in front of conjugated verb and attached), rewrite it both ways. These sentences are denoted with an asterisk*. 5. Ella da la tarjeta de embarque a mí. 6. Él trae el traje de baño a su hermano. 7. Nosotros damos las maletas al auxiliar de vuelo. 8. Mi padre va a pagar el dinero al agente de viajes.* Rewrite each sentence, replacing the direct object AND the indirect object with an their respective pronouns. If the sentence can be rewritten in more than one way (pronouns in front of conjugated verb and attached), rewrite it in both ways. These sentences are denoted with an asterisk*. 9. Nosotros vamos a dar los boletos a la auxiliar de vuelos. 10. Los pasajeros están dando las maletas al auxiliar de vuelos. 11. La auxiliar de vuelo da las tarjetas de embarque a los pasajeros. 12. Mi padre paga el dinero al agente de viajes. RESPOND to each question using DIRECT object pronouns, INDIRECT object pronouns, or BOTH whenever possible. Respond using ALL information from the original question. 13. ¿Necesita el pasajero la identificación cuando pasa por la aduana? 14. ¿Necesitan los pasajeros las tarjetas de embarque cuando abordan el avión? 15. ¿Dan los pasajeros las maletas al auxiliar de vuelo? Note: the subject and verb are in reverse order when placed in question form vs. when placed in a statement as in English (Anna is here. vs. Is Anna here?). When answering questions, you must reverse the order of the verb and subject. Answers: 1. Mi madre los compra. 2. La chica las va a traer. La chica va a traerlas. 3. Yo lo tengo. 4. Ella la da a mí. (There is also an indirect object in this sentence, but I only asked that you replace the D.O. with a D.O.P.) 5. Ella me da la tarjeta de embarque. 6. Él le trae el traje de baño. 7. Nosotros le damos las maletas. 8. Mi padre le va a pagar el dinero. Mi padre va a pagarle el dinero. 9. Nosotros se los vamos a dar. Nosotros vamos a dárselos. 10.Los pasajeros se las están dando. Los pasajeros están dándoselas. 11.La auxiliar de vuelos se las da. 12. Mi padre se lo paga. 13. Sí, el pasajero la necesita cuando pasa por la aduana. 14. Sí, los pasajeros las necesitan cuando abordan el avión. 15. Sí, los pasajeros se las dan. We finished up last semester with direct object pronouns. We're beginning this semester with indirect object pronouns! In order to properly use and understand indirect object pronouns, we must be able to use direct object pronouns within the context of real life communication. If you are still a little iffy on direct object pronouns, work with the following sample questions for further understanding! Scroll to the bottom afterwards to check against the correct answers!
Rewrite the following sentences using the correct direct object pronouns. 1. Ella tiene los carros rojos. 2. Juan y Ana compran dos bebidas. 3. Jorge come las papas fritas. 4. Mateo cocina el pollo. Fill in the blanks with the correct direct object pronouns. Then, translate to English. 5. Mi madre prepara enchiladas. Yo voy a comer____. 6. Ana busca el aeropuerto, pero no puede encontrar___. 7. A Antonio no le gusta cocinar la comida, pero le gusta comer____. 8. Mis padres van a visitar a mis abuelos. Mis abuelos ____ invitan todos los años. Answers: 1. Ella los tiene. 2. Juan y Ana las compran. 3. Jorge las come. 4. Mateo lo cocina. 5. las - My mom is preparing enchiladas. I'm going to eat them. 6. lo - Ana is looking for the airport, but she cannot find it. 7. la - Antonio doesn't like to cook the food, but he likes to eat it. 8. los - My parents are going to visit my grandparents. My grandparents invite them every year. What to study: Direct Object Pronouns Me - Me Nos - Us Te - You Lo - Him/You(formal/masculine)/It Los - Them/Y'all La - Her/You(formal/feminine)/It Las - Them/Y'all Grammer Rules regarding direct object pronouns: The direct object pronoun is generally placed before the conjugated noun. Yo como las hamburguesas. --> Yo las como. However, when there is an unconjugated verb, the pronoun can be placed before the conjugated verb... Yo voy a comer las hamburguesas. --> Yo las voy a comer. Or it can be attached to the unconjugated verb. Yo voy a comer las hamburguesas. --> Yo voy a comerlas. Sample Questions (those on the test will be lengthier, but include the same concepts): Example: Rewrite the following sentence using the correct direct object pronoun. A) Yo voy a mirar la televisión. Answer: Yo la voy a mirar. or Yo voy a mirarla. B) Él tiene el boleto de ida y vuelta. Answer: Él lo tiene. C) Mi madre va a preparar la comida. Yo voy a comer___. Answer: la D) Yo no tengo la maleta. Mi hermana ___ tiene. Practice (answers located at very bottom of post): Rewrite the following sentences using the correct direct object pronouns. 1. Ella tiene los carros rojos. 2. Juan y Ana compran dos bebidas. 3. Jorge come las papas fritas. 4. Mateo cocina el pollo. Fill in the blanks with the correct direct object pronouns. Then, translate to English. 5. Mi madre prepara enchiladas. Yo voy a comer____. 6. Ana busca el aeropuerto, pero no puede encontrar___. 7. A Antonio no le gusta cocinar la comida, pero le gusta comer____. 8. Mis padres van a visitar a mis abuelos. Mis abuelos ____ invitan todos los años. You should know the following vocabulary: Answers:
1. Ella los tiene. 2. Juan y Ana las compran. 3. Jorge las come. 4. Mateo lo cocina. 5. las - My mom is preparing enchiladas. I'm going to eat them. 6. lo - Ana is looking for the airport, but she cannot find it. 7. la - Antonio doesn't like to cook the food, but he likes to eat it. 8. los - My parents are going to visit my grandparents. My grandparents invite them every year. On Friday, we will have a test on Reflexive Verbs and related vocabulary. The test will NOT include the body parts vocabulary, which will be covered on a quiz shortly after the test. The test will cover vocabulary related to daily routines. The relative vocabulary lists will be included in the images at the bottom of this post. Before I get to sample test questions, let me outline the rules about using reflexive verbs:
Conjugating Reflexive Verbs: 1) Remove the "se" reflexive pronoun and place it in front of the verb. Ponerse --> Se poner 2) Adjust the pronoun to match the appropriate subject. Se poner --> me poner te poner se poner nos poner se poner 3) Conjugate the verb itself according to the appropriate subject. me poner --> yo me pongo te poner --> tú te pones se poner --> él se pone ella se pone usted se pone nos poner --> nosotros nos ponemos nosotras nos ponemos se poner --> ellos se ponen ellas se ponen ustedes se ponen Reflexive Verbs in the Present Progressive 1) Remove the "se" reflexive pronoun temporarily. Ponerse --> poner 2) Conjugate the verb estar in the appropriate form. estoy estamos estás está están 3) Drop the ending from the verb. Poner --> pon 4) Add the appropriate "ing" ending. -ando for -ar verbs -iendo for -er, -ir verbs pon --> poniendo 5)Place the new present participle after the chosen form of "estar". estoy poniendo estamos poniendo estás poniendo está poniendo están poniendo 6) Either place the appropriate reflexive pronoun either in front of estar me estoy poniendo nos estamos poniendo te estás poniendo se está poniendo se están poniendo or attach it to the end of the present participle, in this case adding an accent mark to "ando" --> ándo or "iendo" --> iéndo. estoy poniéndome estamos poniéndonos estás poniéndote está poniéndose están poniéndose Two important times NOT to conjugate the verb: 1) when the verb follows DIRECTLY after a conjugated verb in the same thought. Example: Yo necesito ducharme. Notice that the reflexive pronoun is still adjusted to match the subject, but "duchar" is still in the infinitive form. Ella quiere bañarse. Nos gusta afeitarnos con crema. 2) when the verb follows phrases like "antes de" and "después de". Antes de ponernos la ropa, vamos a comer. Depués de cepillarme los dientes, me acuesto. Types of Test Questions Part I Fill in the blanks with the correct reflexive verb form. Example: 1. Por la mañana yo _____________ antes de ponerme la ropa. (ducharse) Answer: "me ducho". To make the most of this study guide, write down your answers and then check them against the correct answers at the bottom of this post. Practice. 1. Yo _____________ a las cinco de la mañana. (despertarse) 2. Tú _____________ a las seis y media. (levantarse) 3. Antes de _______________, ella se cepilla los dientes. (acostarse) 4. Él ____________ la ropa antes de salir de casa. (ponerse) 5. Nosotras ______________ en el espejo. (maquillarse) 6. Ellos _____________ en el gimnasio después de escuela. (entrenarse) Part II Fill in the blanks with the correct present progressive form of each reflexive verb, placing the reflexive pronoun IN FRONT. Example: Él ______________ la ropa. (ponerse) Answer: Él se está poniendo la ropa. 7. Usted _____________________ el pelo. (peinarse) 8. Ellas _____________________ las piernas. (afeitarse) Part III Fill in the blanks with the correct present progressive form of each reflexive verb, connecting the reflexive pronoun to the PRESENT PARTICIPLE. Example: Ellos ________________ las manos. (lavarse) Answer: Ellos están lavándose las manos. 9. Nosotras _____________________ los dientes. (cepillarse) 10. Ustedes _____________________ después de levantarse. (ducharse) Part IV Translate sentences based on related vocabulary to Spanish. Practice. 11. I turn on the light. 12. She is in a hurry. 13. He gets up late because he is tired. 14. I like to bathe in the morning. 15. You (fam) dry yourself with a towel. 16. They are washing their hands with soap. 17. You (form) dry your hair with the hair dryer. 18. She brushes her teeth with tooth paste. 19. We wash our hair with shampoo. 20. I am putting on deodorant. Answers to practice questions. 1. me despierto 2. te levantas 3. acostarse 4. se pone 5. nos maquillamos 6. se entrenan 7. se está peinando 8. se están afeitando 9. estamos cepillándonos 10. están duchándose 11. Yo enciendo la luz. 12. Ella tiene prisa. 13. Él se levanta tarde porque tiene sueño. 14. Me gusta bañarme por la mañana. 15. Tú te secas con una toalla. 16. Ellos/Ellas se están lavando las manos con jabón. or Ellos/Ellas están lavándose las manos con jabón. 17. Usted se seca el pelo con el secador de pelo. 18. Ella se cepilla los dientes con pasta de dientes. 19. Nosotros nos lavamos el pelo con champú. 20. Yo estoy poniéndome el desodorante. or Yo me estoy poniendo el desodorante. Parents and Students,
We will have taking a test on Monday/Tuesday. This test will cover the following information- 1). All vocabulary related to clothing as given to you in class. 2) Vocabulary related to "Las Tiendas" - p. 301 in your AMSCO book. 3) All verbs like "gustar" (including the verb "gustar"). 4) Stem-changing verbs (including e-->i, e-->ie, o-->ue, u-->ue (such as "jugar"). Part I. The student will translate sentences to Spanish, which will include clothing vocabulary and verbs like "gustar". Example My sweater fits me very tightly. Mi suéter me queda muy apretado. Practice (The answers can be found at the bottom of this post. The idea is to work through the examples, check your answers, and see how well-prepared you are.) 1. We love the red and blue striped vest, because it is in fashion. 2. The dress fits her loosely. 3. Which size of shirt fits you perfectly? 4. Do the shoes interest you? 5. He doesn't care to be in fashion. Part II. Translate the vocabulary terms to Spanish. This is exactly what it sounds like. Part III. Responde en español. The teacher will ask the students questions related to stores in the mall. The questions will all be formatted in such a manner: "¿Qué compras en....? Example ¿Qué compras en la florería? Las flores Part IV. The students will conjugate stem-changing verbs. They should be familiar with the types of stem-changing verbs above. The teacher will use common verbs. The students will conjugate and list the meaning of each form. Answers to practice questions: 1. Nos encanta el chaleco de rayas rojas y azules porque está de moda. 2. El vestido le queda flojo. 3. ¿Cuál talla de camisa te queda perfectamente? 4. ¿Los zapatos te interesan? 5. A él no le importa estar de moda. Students, here is the information for Friday's Quiz-
1. Study and know the vocabulary from the handout that I gave you. If you have misplaced this handout, please talk to a friend and see if you can get them to text you a picture of the vocabulary, etc. Make sure that you know it from English to Spanish and from Spanish to English. This is the best way to ensure that you have actually learned the vocabulary. 2. Know the verb "ser". Know it forwards and backwards. Know how to conjugate and what all forms mean. The following would receive full credit: Ser - to be Yo soy - I am Nosotros somos - We are (m) Tú eres - You are (familiar) Nosotras somos - We are (f) Él es - He is Ellos son - They are (m) Ella es - She is Ellas son - They are (f) Usted es - You are (formal) Ustedes son - You all are 3. You will be asked to create two sentences on the test. For each sentence you will need to use a form of "ser", depending on who the subject given to you is, and two adjectives that match the subject in gender and number. Examples: 1) Yo: Yo soy muy bajo y gordo. 2) Mi hermano y hermana: Mi hermano y hermana son muy inteligentes y agradables. 4. You will be asked to read three sentences, identify all adjectives, and correct any mistakes in the sentence as far as gender and number go. Examples: 1) Mi hermana es baja y gordo. gordo 2) Mi mejor amigo es muy agradables y simpática. agradable, simpático ¡Buena suerte! Spanish II Honors
We are currently spending time reviewing previously learned skills and vocabulary sets. In our Spanish II Honors classes we have students coming together from various skills levels. Some are coming from the middle school, some are moving up from Spanish I Honors, and others are making the leap from Spanish I Standard. It is an important time for getting everyone on the same page. We are also working to continually refine our speaking skills. Students are regularly asked to speak in Spanish during class. Please be sure that your student has taken the time to place their order for their AMSCO Spanish First Year Workbook! |
AuthorRussell Waites Archives
May 2017
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